Microsoft Hyper-v Virtualization System Essay - 1424 Words

1. INTRODUCTION:- As we all know virtualization is the requirement of future. We have evolved from the age of traditional environment to virtual environment.We have grown accustomed to almost all things virtual from virtual memory to virtual networks to virtual storage.The most widely leveraged benefit of virtualization technology is server consolidation, enabling one server to take on the workloads of multiple servers. For example, by consolidating a branch office’s print server, fax server, exchange server, and web server on a single windows server, businesses reduce the costs of hardware, maintenance, and staffing. In 2008, Microsoft released hyper-v, its first bare-metal hypervisor-based technology, built intowindows server 2008.†¦show more content†¦Parent partition requests the hypervisor to create a child partition. Child partition can’t access the resources directly whenever it needs anything it is routed through parent partition and child partition are not able to create any new partition. †¢ Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) :- Hyper visor has the concept of CSV which allows virtual machines running on different hyper-v servers to simultaneously access their virtual hard disks (VHD) stored on a shared LUN. †¢ Dynamically Expanding Disk :- It is a type of VHD disk which expand when more data is stored in it but do not shrink when data is deleted. †¢ Fixed Disk :- It is the type of disk in which the space is fixed. it doesn’t matter how much data you store. †¢ Guest Operating System :- The operating system which operates inside the virtual machine running on child partition. †¢ Hypervisor :- Hypervisor is the virtualization layer which is responsible for the virtualization. a virtualization platform that allows multiple virtual machines to run on a physical host at the same time †¢ Parent Partition :- Parent partition is also known as root partition.it is responsible for creating new partition.it request hypervisor create new partition and it can only be one parent partition †¢ Templates :- Template is like the master copy of the machine which is used to create new virtual machines. †¢ Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) :- Virtual hard disks are used to store the dataShow MoreRelatedMicrosoft Virtualization Terminology And Methodology846 Words   |  4 Pages1:-Microsoft virtualization 1.1:-Hyper-V 1.1.1:-Introduction 1.1.2:-Architecture 1.2:-App-V 1.3:-MED-V 1:-MICROSOFT VIRTUALIZATION Virtualization has rapidly grown from a technology. It used for labs and development work to a core IT infrastructure technology. Virtualization has always been a complex technology, for reducing this complexity Microsoft has founded a various virtualization products with similar-sounding yet nondescript names such as Hyper-V, App-V, and MED-V ,Microsoft UserRead MoreVirtualization Is The New Piece Of Software1453 Words   |  6 Pagesbusinesses, virtualization is the new piece of software that will help any IT employee worldwide. Virtualization is the most effective way to reduce IT expenses while boosting efficiency and agility for not only large enterprises, but for small and midsize businesses as well. VMware virtualization lets you run multiple operating systems and applications on a single server. The three types of virtualization are server, client (or desktop), storage virtualization. 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As a result, the system in place must compliment the quality of the IT instructors by allowing them to use a rich amount of media to convey the message they intend to tell. By using a VDI platform Instructors can collaborate across subjects, this would also allow desktopsRead MoreServer Virtualization Essay900 Words   |  4 Pages As your Chief Information Officer is brainstorming with you and his/her staff, you mention that you have heard about Virtualization and it may be a very cost effective and efficient way to upgrade everything to Windows Server 2008. Your boss tells you to research the concepts and to get back to him in two weeks with a recommendation. My solution is to use server virtualization, which would allow multiple servers to be installed on one or more existing servers. 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A Forensic lab should have current licensing agreements with the vendor software that it uses. While keeping legacy operating systems license renewal extended for the life of the system used. Team Andromeda will implement multiple operating systems within the forensic lab environment. The Operating Systems that the lab will deploy are the Windows OS, Linux and Apple Mac Operating systems. These three

Global Dependence On Fossil Fuel - 1485 Words

The proportion of Renewables must increase to around 50% of the energy mix in most countries and is expected to be over 70% in countries Brazil and Africa. Energy efficiencies and low carbon energy carriers for heating and cooling can decarbonize electricity, significantly reducing the share of fossil fuels to less than 50% in the total energy requirement. Sharing best practices across borders can help transfer innovative technologies and support energy transition plans for many of the developing countries that are majorly dependent on coal as a primary source of energy. Over the coming years the dependence on fossil fuel will have to gradually reduce and much of investment must go into making this transition possible. Governments, international corporations and other investing parties that can back-up small entrepreneurs, suppliers and local universities in their research and sharing of knowledge across the spectrum of value chain. International collaboration and continuous dialogues between the stakeholders to share both risks and benefits of such collaborations can facilitate knowledge sharing. This will result in technologies being transferred across borders to decarbonize development and The International Energy Agency (IEA) thorough its institutional activities is involved in collaboration of energy technology. The following are few of the initiatives (Energy Technology Perspectives, IEA 2015): i. Enabling innovation through 39 co-operative agreements which includeShow MoreRelatedHow Can The United States Lessen Its Dependence On Fossil Fuels?1302 Words   |  6 PagesHow can the United States lessen its dependence on fossil fuels? Joan Milton Western Governor’s University How can the United States lessen its dependence on fossil fuels? Introduction The U.S obtains more than 84% of its energy from fossil fuels including oil, coal and natural gas. 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Article †Loricia Skin Care’s Home Spa Line Free Essays

Enjoy the benefits of a private and luxurious spa treatment in which all resources exist solely for you and all attention is focused directly on your needs. This is the treatment you receive with Loricia Skin Care’s Home Spa Line, specially designed to cater to the African American woman’s skin. In fact, this product is designed to fit the varied skin types that exist, and choosing Loricia’s home spa products means choosing the service that is tailored to suit the needs of your particular skin type. We will write a custom essay sample on Article – Loricia Skin Care’s Home Spa Line or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have a combination for every skin type. Choose from Mature Skin Care, Oily Combination Skin Care, Normal Combination Skin Care and Dry Skin Care products that are designed to improve all skin conditions and bring out the best in your skin. The Mature Skin Care formula will pamper your skin, cleansing it from all impurities and restoring it to its natural beauty. Your inner glow will shine through with the use of Ginseng Toner and Marine Moisturizer to bring out the health and beauty of your skin. The Combination Skin Care treatment uses gentle exfoliating cleansers, Ginseng Toners, and Sage Citrus moisturizers to remove oil, blemishes and fortify your skin against harmful grease and grime. Normal Combination Skin Care uses a unique blend of Borage Leaf and other minerals to give your skin that extra healthy glow. It also uses Restorative Marine Moisturizer to restore your skin to the glorious splendor of youth. For Dry Skin Care, trust our revitalizing Chamomile Cleansing Lotion together with Ginseng Toner and Marine Moisturizer to remove dry, flaky skin and protect your face from wind and cold elements that dry it out. Be pampered, indulged and spoiled by our unique Home Spa products that treat you as special, as though you were the only woman in the world. Made especially for the African American skin, you will be enveloped in a warm, fresh and aromatic cocoon of lavish gratification that shows in the elegance and beauty of the skin you present to the world every day. Â   Â   How to cite Article – Loricia Skin Care’s Home Spa Line, Essay examples

Diversity Economic and Social Positions

Question: Discuss about theDiversity for Economic and Social Positions. Answer: Class Privileges and Big Decisions A class, in general, may be explained as group of people who would fall under similar positions in a society in regards of economic and social positions (About Class, 2016). These positions that they possess may be of several factors such as the income that the people earn, their net work in property holding, social status in terms of job, education, the skills they have and their as a person in the society (About Class, 2016). Class privileges may or may not happen to everyone in any particular period of time. They have not bothered me at all during my difficult times. The coping with the stress and tension of my daily work have very little to do with the class privileges that the environment around me offers. When I go through a difficult time, there is not much that would be taken into consideration given the fact that I am a sensitive person and the society stereotypes me as a person who will not be able to handle his emotions and feelings. I feel exactly the opposite of the ster eotypic perception as I am not a person who finds it hard to control ones emotions that will affect not only them but also the people around them. This quality of not coming under the category of a privilege-holder often finds the right window of opportunity where the seeker gets the information about what his potential is in reality (New.Uark.edu, 2016). This may not be elastic as in the form of some perceived values pertaining to the higher perception of an individuals performing capability to implement their ideas into action. I am a working class individual who pays his taxes and leads a life that is free from problems and unwanted stress (Connell, 1977). Risk-Taking People say that risk taking is the key to any success and it cannot be truer. I have faced some situations in my life where I had to make decisions on that time which I had evaded from since I had thought that all the risk was going to do bad to me. I still fear risk and probably will do in the future also as the human instinct prefers us to stay safe so that no parts in your body are harmed eventually (Kapur, 2014). This is purely genetic and cannot be easily overcome. Study shows that CEOs that belong to highest social class tend to take more risks in the business scenario. Since they grow with relatively higher resources and they are bound to have a safety net in the business since money is not a big deal, they tend to take potential risks often (News.uark.edu, 2016). I have had my shares of risks that I have taken and also some risks that I have not taken into hands. The risks I have taken so far are of smaller risk degree whereas the ones that I have chosen not to take are the h ard ones which I why I did not take them in the first place. The biggest decision that I still wish I had taken is my dream to start up my own business in some field. I had graduated recently and was in a constant dilemma whether or not to study further. This gave me a lot of ideas to think about and I had so many ideas that I could and could not do. The business idea posed a sever threat to me as I was afraid of the risk that I might possibly fail even before taking any necessary actions regarding anything about the business. This is something that I think that has a direct effect of my middle-class status in the society (Malveaux, 2016). As much as I would like to start the business not bothering about the consequence, the society stands in the way and hinders me from taking any steps regarding it since I am afraid of failure. This does not have anything to do with the society alone but the fact that I tend to blame the society to hide my actual fear of failing in whatever I do. Class Privilege and Education Being a part of a middle-class family, I was a little affected in the quality of education I received in my schooling period. As a person whose family income is average and not higher than most of the families in the country, the schools that I went to are mostly public schools where the teachers generally do not care about the students learning and thereby the quality of the education provided is substantially high. People who hail from wealthy background have the privilege of studying in premier institutions that provide quality education (Liu, Pickett Ivey, 2007). One cannot claim this as a reason for not having utilized the opportunity that was available for them yet the whole concept of who gets to lead in certain areas with the help of some money. According to Hershbein (2013), nearly 42 percent of the people who do not have a degree of graduation are found to be hailing from the families that have comparatively higher incomes. Wealth plays a very important role in determining what the individual wants to be (Okun, 2015). The individual can either study or reach heights but at the same time can also choose not to do anything that has to do with the academics and live off the family wealth. Discrimination The one case of discrimination that I usually feel in the society is that women in my community are suppressed or treated differently amongst many other people. This type of discrimination is not at all new since it is historic ever since civilization began (Pease, 2010). In a workplace, the roles that are in the top of the hierarchy get paid more since the degree of importance of the job is higher than the lower hierarchy jobs in the organization. I have worked in few companies where I have literally seen people treating women differently in regards to the job performance. When a man performs in a job better, the company appreciates him and encourages him to work harder. But when this is the same case with the women, the management asks the women to step back. They do not like the women in the organization being progressive and straight-forward. This is purely a form of gender discrimination (Midwest New Media, 2016). The pay that the job gives the workers depends on the gender of t he individual. This may not be able to be proved these days since several companies have decided altogether that employees should not discuss their salaries with their colleagues. This is primarily done to avoid the conflicts between the workers inside the organization so that there would not be any hassles or clashes inside the company (Americanprogressaction.org, 2011). This has paved a good way for the companies to also hide the salaries that they pay for both men and women since none of them will be having no clue regarding what the peers are getting paid. There is also this minority group discrimination that happens in the workplace. This, of course is a not very open and obvious but people tend to avoid the minority in the office. The people who hail from different cultures and different geographic locations would be isolated from the usual office groups. This happens in a subtle way that no one barely talks about this issue yet it happens. Other Privileges Though I hail from a middle-class family, I was always the best performer ever since my school days and my college. This gives a person the special treatment inside and outside the educational institution. I have a habit of reading the newspaper daily which has given me the head start in striking a conversation with even strangers (Walford, 2011). This gives you the total upper hand when it comes to creating a perception of me on other people. The academics and keeping up with the current affairs have always made me feel confident in the society. With the globalization of the business markets and other technologies, the need for having knowledge in variety of subjects is higher (Ossowski, 2003). I have found this very useful in my life as well as my career. This provides the necessary status among the people I work with and interact on a daily basis. So, it is very essential to be strong brain-wise even when someone is a minority or a person who is discriminated based on his gender ( Wright, 2016). This wipes away the need for the others to treat them with indifference and ultimately help them to determine the true potential of the individual. The atmosphere that a person surrounds himself with is rather very important when it is with regard to his economical, social or gender class that gives them the privilege of getting certain things done without having to do much for the job or having to do a lot more than what a normal individual would do in order for the job to be completed. The class privilege that an individual gets from the society, his friends and family will always be in the bias of the person who is on the other side silently judging the characters of other people (Pewsocialtrends.org, 2015). This is a never ending process that is happening and will continue to happen regardless of what the consequences may be. This happens as it is a genetic factor which cannot be changed over time and is stored so deep inside the mind and soul of the people that they can never be wiped off to their entirety. The seriousness of this issue can be dealt only when an individual is capable of striking the chord between the right and wrong. The person must also possess the ability to deal with his stress effectively so as to avoid any conflicts that he might face within himself. References About Class. (2016).Class Action. Retrieved 13 October 2016, from https://www.classism.org/about-class/ Connell, R. W. (1977).Ruling class, ruling culture. CUP Archive. Devesh Kapur, M. (2014).Being middle class in India.The Hindu. Retrieved 14 October 2016, from https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/being-middle-class-in-india/article6673580.ece Liu, W. M., Pickett Jr, T., Ivey, A. E. (2007). White middle-class privilege: Social class bias and implications for training and practice.Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development,35(4), 194. Malveaux, C. (2016).Study Examines Relationship between CEOs, Social Class and Risk Taking.Ehstoday.com. Retrieved 14 October 2016, from https://ehstoday.com/safety-leadership/study-examines-relationship-between-ceos-social-class-and-risk-taking Midwest New Media, L. (2016).Sex / Gender Discrimination - Workplace Fairness.Workplacefairness.org. Retrieved 14 October 2016, from https://www.workplacefairness.org/sexual-gender-discrimination New.Uark.edu (2016). CEOs from Highest Social Class Take the Most Risks, New Study Finds. University of Arkansas News. Retrieved 14 October 2016, from https://news.uark.edu/articles/33633/ceos-from-highest-social-class-take-the-most-risks-new-study-finds Okun, A. M. (2015).Equality and efficiency: The big tradeoff. Brookings Institution Press. Ossowski, S. (2003).Class structure in the social consciousness(Vol. 102). Taylor Francis. Pease, B. (2010). Undoing privilege: Unearned advantage in a divided world. Pewsocialtrends.org. (2015).The American Middle Class Is Losing Ground. Pew Research Centers Social Demographic Trends Project. Retrieved 14 October 2016, from https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/12/09/the-american-middle-class-is-losing-ground/ The Middle Class Is Key to a Better-Educated Nation Center for American Progress Action Fund. (2011). Americanprogressaction.org. Retrieved 14 October 2016, from https://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/economy/reports/2011/11/08/10647/the-middle-class-is-key-to-a-better-educated-nation/ Walford, G. (2011).Privatization and privilege in education(Vol. 205). Routledge. Wright, E. O. (2016).Class, crisis and the state. Verso Books.

Media Conglomeration Essay Example

Media Conglomeration Essay CBS, MTV, Nickelodeon, VH1, BET, Paramount Pictures, UPN, Spike TV, TV Land, CMT: Country Music Television, Comedy Central, Showtime, and Blockbuster Video. Â  These are just a few of the companies that media giant Viacom owns. Â   Viacoms website states that CBS is the most watched network on TV. Â  It also says that MTV is the most widely distributed television network in the world, Paramount Pictures is a leading distributor of motion pictures, and infinity broadcasting is one of the largest radio operators in the United States. Â  Viacom also owns book publishing companies, video stores, and even amusement parks. Â  There is no doubt that Viacom is one of the largest and most influential companies in the world. But does the quality of the media go down because of these large media giants? Â  Do companies care about the public being truly informed, or are they just out Beginning with thefirst of the mega media mergers, Capital Cities buying ABC in 1986, and then after the 1996 Telecommunications Act, which opened the floodgates, the trend has been for large corporations to buy media and broadcast companies. Â  According to the FCC there have been over 1000 broadcast deals in the last ten years. Â   But often the conglomeration of media outlets hurts consumers by taking choice out of their hands and putting it into the hands of corporations. The media giants have become neglectful in their duties to serve a public interest. Â  Instead they serve their own narrow interest. Â  These narrow interests do serve the stockholders, theoretically of which anyone can become, but this is not the traditional position that media outlets should hold. Corporate pressure to squeeze out every penny in earnings has forever changed the look of news reporting. Â  Gone are the days of respected newsmen such as Walter Cronkite and Edward R. Murrow. Â  Gone are the

Stewart’s Calculus 8th Edition, Section 1.1, Question 2, Pg. 19

Stewart’s Calculus 8th Edition, Section 1.1, Question 2, Pg. 19 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips This posts contains a Teaching Explanation. You can buy Calculus by Stewart here. Why You Should Trust Me: I’m Dr. Fred Zhang, and I have a bachelor’s degree in math from Harvard. I’ve racked up hundreds and hundreds of hours of experienceworking withstudents from 5th gradethroughgraduate school, and I’m passionate about teaching. I’ve read the whole chapter of the text beforehand and spent a good amount of time thinking about what the best explanation is and what sort of solutions I would have wanted to see in the problem sets I assigned myself when I taught. Question: If $f(x) = (x^2-x)/(x-1)$ and $g(x)=x$, is it true that f=g? Page in 8th Edition: 19 Short Answer: No, f≠  g. For input x = 1, f(1) is undefined since the denominator is zero, whereas g(1) = 1. Homework Answer: Same as short answer. Motivated Answer:We’re asked if f = g, but the equations for f and g look very different. You might be tempted to say, â€Å"No the functions are different because the equations look different.† However, functions can be the same even if the equations look very different. Remember, functions take in inputs, and spit out outputs. Two functions are only equal if they always give you the same outputfor a given input.You can’t manually test every possible input value using pen and paper, since it would take up too much time! But you can try to test whether the equations are the same. So we can write:$$(x^2-x)/(x-1) =? x$$(Here =? means, we’re not sure yet if it’s equal or not.) Now if you’ve taken algebra before, you might recognize that you can write this as$$(x^2-x)/(x-1)=(x(x-1))/(x-1)=? x$$It’s tempting to cancel out the (x-1) and conclude that$x(x-1)/(x-1) = x$, but this is not perfectly true. Remember when you cancel things out from the top and bottom of the fraction, the bottom cannot equal zero. This means that we have the caveat here is that x-1≠  0.If x – 1≠  0 in this cancellation, then x≠ 1. This gives us the clue we need to get the answer, which is that we can try to put 1 into both equations.$f(1)=(1^2– 1)/(1-1)$ ,so f is not defined at $x=1$. $g(1) = 1$, so g is defined at$x=1$.Now, we’ve proven that f≠ g. Remember, if we can find for any input x, the functions f and g give different outputs, then f and g are different, no matter how similar f and g are for other inputs! Get full textbook solutions for just $5/month. PrepScholar Solutions has step-by-step solutions that teach you critical concepts and help you ace your tests. With 1000+ top texts for math, science, physics, engineering, economics, and more, we cover all popular courses in the country, including Stewart's Calculus. Try a 7-day free trial to check it out. Video Solution:

User Manual for Marymount Online Functions Assignment

User Manual for Marymount Online Functions - Assignment Example It is intended for students who have not explored the various functions, features, and terminology and course registration process of the online application software. This manual focuses on the function of how to obtain Marynet, Grades for 14/SP. Several requirements are needed to be able to use this manual. You will need either a PC, Laptop, Tablet or a smartphone with an installed adobe program that will allow you to read this manual. No additional programs and software is needed. Most importantly, you will need to have internet connection to be able to access the online application. The sections and topics in this manual are interelated, therefore, you should read and understand preceding topics and sections consecutively. It is also recommended that you read the manual keenly understanding all the procedures accurately. For better understanding, most procedures have been illustrated using screenshots and pictures alongside their descriptions. Should you have any additional questions and clarifications, the FAQ section answers soe of the common questions . New and custom terms unique to this manual have also been defined and explained in the glosary. Before you can be able to perform any functions in the online application, you must log in to the system. To do so use the following address to open the login web page: https://bb.marymount.edu . Simply click on the link to be able to log in. The following webpage will appear. Type your user name and password on this screen then click login to log in to the system. In case you experience any problems while logging, such as forgetting your password, simply click the â€Å"Reset My Marymount Password† link. Once you login you will be able to access the Main Menu from where you can select the actions you wish to perform. The following screen appears that will allow you to select the appropriate function to perform. After selecting

LLM Human Rights -Case study on prosectution Case

LLM Human Rights - on prosectution - Case Study Example During his reign he did a lot of inhuman atrocities against them on the pretext of their opposing his regime or for supporting Iran in the war. After the fall of Bagdad most of his lieutenants were captured but Saddam remained at large and was ultimately captured on the night of 12th December 2003. ' After the initial annexation of Iraq, it was ruled by the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), which was later on replaced by an interim government of Iraq. CPA created Supreme Iraqi criminal Tribunal (SICT), for the trial of the Saddam and other members of the Baath Party against charges of committing war crimes and other crimes against humanity. SICT held trials in front of five judges who heard both the sides and dispensed judgment and in doing so there was no provision of jury, there was also a chamber for further appeals consisting of nine judges.'The first trial of the tribunal began on 19th of October 2005, with the case of Dujail massacres of 1982, for which Saddam and seven others were tried.' Although one of the lesser crimes of Saddam, considering his standards, Dujails was probably taken up before the more serious Al-Anfal massacres because Anfal was much bigger in proportion and hence was expected to take much more time. Dujail is a Shitte town, having among its residents many supporters of the Dawa party, which was opposed to Saddam's rule. On 8th of July 1982, Saddam had gone to the town to praise those Shia's who were fighting the Iran - Iraq war on his behalf. Idea was to get more support from the large Shia community to fight the war against Iran. As he was returning from Dujail, his motorcade was fired on by a member of the Dawa party. Although Saddam was not hurt, he decided on a general retaliation. In the events that followed, his security forces killed nearly 150 civilians of Dujail and many were severly tortured. Also a large number of residents including women, children and the aged were send to the concentration camps. During the trial, one of the victims , who was 15 years old at the time of the massacre testified about the genocide. (McGeough, 2005) Based on this case along with Saddam, Barzan Hassan, former Iraqi intelligence chief, and Awad Bandar, former head of Iraq's Revolutionary Court, and Taha Yassin Ramadan, the former vice-president were also ordered to be executed, for participating in crimes against humanity. The more serious anti-Kurdish "Anfal" operation was carried out between February and September 1988 by Saddam Hussein. It was conducted in eight stages, with about 2, 00,000 ground troops bolstered by air support. Its primary purpose was to wipe out any Iranian intrusion in the region and also to put to rest the dream of Kurdish independence. The main targets of this campaign were the battle worthy adults and young men. Saddam wanted to exterminate them all, so that no one should be left to take up arms against his regime. It was conducted under Saddam's cousin, Ali Hassan al-Majidin, who was appointed in charge of the Northern region of Iraq, in March 1987. ' During these campaigns men (above the age of 15) were set apart from the women, later these men were killed and their bodies were dumped in mass graves.' Some of the sites, later excavated were found to have the bodies of thousands of victims. According to liberal estimates some fifty thousand Kurds died in these attacks, while the actual figure is supposed

Taxonomy of Leadership Theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Taxonomy of Leadership Theories - Assignment Example The leader should step in clarifying ambiguous tasks, giving employees some control and instilling cohesion and comradeship to a non-supportive team. Leaders choose an appropriate behavior or style. The alternatives of leader behaviors include directive, supportive, participative and achievement-based. They also motivate employees in order to enhance their success (Ross, 2010). Leader member exchange (LMX) theory explains that leaders consider their employees independently and not as a group. The quality of a leader’s relationship with different employees varies. This explains why a leader can relate well with some employees and poorly with others. The theory claims that leaders have in-group and out-group relationship with their employees. Employees included in a leader’s in-group are involved in decision-making and have more responsibilities and benefits (Quinn, 2008). In return, these employees invest more time, effort, and commitment. On the other hand, the formal limits of the employment contract govern the relationship between the leader and members of the out-group. The leader extends support and help to these members but only to the mandate of their duty. In return, members of out-groups carry out their duties but only to the required level. Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership theory explains that the details of specific tasks and the level of maturity of their employees is what should guide a leader’s style of leadership. Leaders’ level of emphasis on either task or relationship with employees varies with the goal they seek to achieve. The theory asserts that leaders use a telling style when instructing employees on what to and the way to do it (Shivers, 2000). Leaders sell their ideas to employees who have a lot of information on a topic of interest. Leaders adopt participatory leadership when they give more emphasis to relationship than to direction. Some instances call for leaders

Disease Process Of Herpes Zoster Health And Social Care Essay

Disease Process Of Herpes Zoster Health And Social Care Essay This paper will describe the disease process of Herpes Zoster. Herpes Zoster more commonly referred to as Shingles is an acute, unilateral, and segmental inflammation of sensory nerve roots. Herpes Zoster will be referred to as Shingles hereafter in this paper. The first section of this paper will explain the epidemiology of Shingles. This will include prevalence, mortality, and morbidity using the latest statistics available. The second section will list the predisposing factors of Shingles. Rationales for all risk factors explaining why each one predisposes the individual for that particular disease will be covered. In the third section the pathophysiology will explained. A brief description of the normal anatomy and physiological mechanism will precede the actual pathophysiology. In the fourth section all clinical manifestations will be listed. Including complaints from patients, and abnormalities found in physical exams. In the fifth section an explanation of all tests used to di agnose the disease and a description of these tests. The subsequent section will list the management of this disease from a medical stand point. This will include a description and rationale for all types of interventions such as invasive, non-invasive procedures, and pharmacological measures used to treat this disease. In the seventh section, nursing management of this condition will be explained. This will include nursing diagnoses, nursing goals, interventions (pharmacological, dietary, and patient education). The eighth and final section will describe research trends for this disorder. Including any new treatments, pharmacological, immunizations, invasive/non-invasive therapies, and, diagnostic testing, that are currently under investigation. Epidemiology Shingles is the resurgence of latent Varicella Zoster Virus (Chickenpox), so statistics from this disorder will be included. Humans are the only known reservoir for Chickenpox. Chickenpox has an attack rate of 90% in susceptible individuals. The virus is endemic in the population but becomes epidemic among susceptible individuals during late winter and early spring. Children between the ages of 5-9 are most commonly affected and account for 50% of all cases. Most other cases involve children 1-4 and 10-14. Roughly 10% of the population in the United States over age 15 is susceptible to the virus. The incubation period of chickenpox is 10 to 21 days however is more likely 14 to 17 days. Patients are contagious 48 hours prior to the formation of vesicular rash and until all vesicles have crusted. Attack rates in susceptible siblings in the same household are 70-90%. About 1 million cases of shingles occur in the United States every year. More than half of the people who develop shingle s are over 60, and nearly 50% of complications from shingles are in older adults. Shingles occurs at all ages but is more likely to affect those in the sixth decade of life. Except for immunocompromised, and AIDS patients recurrent attacks are rare. The total duration of the disease is usually 7-10 days however it may be as long as 2-4 weeks until the skin is back to normal. Predisposing Risk Factors Anyone who has recovered from chickenpox may develop shingles, including children. It is not clear what reactivates the virus. Anyone who has had chickenpox has a 10-30% lifetime risk of developing shingles. At 85 years of age, this risk increases to 50%. This increased risk may be linked to a weakening of the immune system. As people get older, their bodies become more vulnerable to many diseases. Having certain diseases such as cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and, HIV/AIDS, can severely compromise the immune system. Also, treatments for cancer, such as chemotherapy; and other drugs such as steroids, and, medication taken to prevent rejection after an organ transplant can reduce immune function. In summary, having had chickenpox is the number one risk factor for contracting shingles. Among those that have had chickenpox advancing age is the number one risk factor. With immunosuppression being the only other risk factor for shingles. Pathophysiology Shingles is a viral disease. The initial infection with Varicella Zoster Virus causes the acute illness chickenpox, which usually occurs in young people and children. Once chickenpox has resolved, the body does not eliminate the virus. The virus lies dormant until the immune system is compromised. At which time it can cause shingles, an illness with different signs and symptoms, often years after the initial infection. The symptoms of shingles follow a series of three stages, prodromal or onset, active or erruptive, and chronic. However it is common for people not to experience all three stages. The onset phase is the most commonly experienced. During this phase, continuous or intermittent burning, tingling, itching, or various types of pain frequently precede rash by a few hours or days. While the onset phase and the presence of cutaneous nerve fibrils indicate that shingles infection is present in the sensory ganglia, a loss of sensation can also occur. The acute phase is considere d the active phase and follows the onset phase, which involves the development of the distinguishing skin lesions. Development of a rash in elderly patients may be accompanied by malaise, headache, low-grade fever, and nausea. Encephalopathy and severe pain may also go along with these symptoms. The active phase is initially characterized by erythematous papules and edema. Papules progress to vesicles in 12 to 24 hours and to pustules within one to seven days. The pustules eventually dry and fall off within 14-21 days, leaving behind erythematous lesions. The chronic phase is unlike any of the other phases and occurs mostly in the elderly. Many patients develop PHN, which is most likely to result during the chronic stage. PHN is Postherpetic Neuralgia is a chronic pain that persist after the shingles have resolved. Clinical manifestations The most common symptom of shingles is pain that can be severe and unrelenting. In the prodromal stage, which is usually 48-72 hours prior to the presence of a rash, symptoms will include: Numbness Tingling Burning Shooting pain Itching Fever Headache Chills Nausea Shingles usually begins with parasthesias, which are itching, burning, or tingling of skin on one side of the body. Patient may develop a fever, a feeling of being sick, or a headache. Within 1-2 days a rash appears on either side of the body in a band like pattern. The chest or back is typically affected by the shingles rash. The rash may also occur on the face, if it appears near the eye it can permanently affect vision .The pain of shingles can be mild to severe, and generally has a sharp, stabbing, or burning quality. Usually the pain is localized to the skin affected by the rash. It can be severe enough to affect ADLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Older adults compared to younger people generally experience more pain. Within three to four days, shingles blisters can become open sores. These sores may become infected with bacteria. If the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s immune system is not compromised the sores crust over by day 7-10. The rash generally goes away within three to four weeks. Sca rring and skin color changes may be permanent. Most people recover from shingles without any lasting problems. Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) is a complication of shingles. PHN is a condition in which damage to sensory nerves, causes severe neuropathic pain. This pain can be continuous or intermittent. The pain can occur without external stimuli. However it may also be caused by external stimuli, light touch, the brush of clothing, and even wind can cause extreme pain. The amount of pain from PHN greatly increases with age. PHN is defined as pain that last at least 3 months after all shingles lesions have went away.PHN is treated with: Analgesics Antidepressants Anticonvulsants Corticosteroids These medications may all be used concurrently. However they should be added to the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s regimen one at a time in case there is any adverse reaction, so that the med that caused the reaction can be promptly stopped. Diagnosis Shingles can be diagnosed in the prodromal stage, before lesions appear but this is difficult as the symptoms in this stage can mimic many other illnesses. Virology of skin scrapings once the lesions have appeared is usually the only way to achieve a proper diagnosis. This is done by isolating the Varicella Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) in tissue culture cell lines. The two tests used most are the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test (FAMA), immune adherence hemagglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These two tests are also the most sensitive. Also contact dermatitis is pruritic and shingles is painful. If lesions of herpes simplex are not differentiated from shingles, doses of antibiotics appropriate for shingles should be used. However herpes simplex and shingles are differentiated by the staining of antibodies from vesicular fluid and identified under fluorescent light. Usually the lesions of these two disorders occur in different places. If the CNS is i nvolved, LP results show increased pressure, and protein levels. Medical Management Shingles is usually treated with prescription oral antiviral drugs to significantly reduce the healing time of the infection. Anti inflammatory drugs are used to reduce inflammation, these may be prescription or OTC. Analgesic medication is also used to lower pain level; these may also be prescription or OTC. Antivirals used to treat shingles are: Acyclovir- is administered at a dose of 800mg five times a day for 7-10 days. Famciclovir- is administered at a dose of 500mg three times a day for seven days. Valacyclovir- is administered at a dose of 1g three times a day for 5-7 days. Immunocompromised patients should be treated with IV Acyclovir at a dose of 10-12.5mg/kg q8hrs for seven days. Glucocorticoids such as prednisone administered at a dose of 60mg/d for the first 7 days, 30mg/d for day 8-14 and, 15mg/d for days 15-21. Glucocorticoid treatment should not be used unless there is concomitant antiviral therapy. Analgesics usually used for shingles include: gabapentin, amitriptyline hydrochloride, lidocane patches, codeine, aspirin, acetaminophen, and, fluphenazine hydrochloride. Topical antipruritics such as calamine lotion can be used to reduce pruritis. Nursing Management Nursing diagnoses for shingles include: Acute Pain Disturbed body image Impaired skin integrity Impaired social interaction Risk for infection Outcomes for patients with shingles include: Patient will verbalize that an acceptable level has been achieved. Patient will acknowledge a change in body image. Patient will exhibit healed lesions. Patient will demonstrate effective social interaction skills. Patient will have no further signs of infection. The following nursing interventions should be applied to patients with shingles. Apply calamine lotion as liberally as directed by physician. Apply silver sulfadiazine to soften and debride lesions that are infected. Administer pain medication as prescribed. Patients with severe pain should be referred to a pain specialist. Maintain hygiene to prevent the infection from spreading to other parts of the body. If the patient has open lesions follow contact isolation to avoid spreading the infection to immunocompromised patients. Patient should be reassured that the pain will eventually subside. Also cool wet compresses can be applied to the lesions for 20 minutes several times a day. Domeboro and Betadine soaks may be utilized to reduce crusting. The patient should be encouraged to wear loose fitting clothing to reduce irritation caused from clothing rubbing the lesions. Research Trends New research regarding shingles has been in the area of prevention. Researchers have developed a preventive vaccine, Zostavax, marketed by Merck. Zostavax is a stronger version of the vaccine given to children to prevent chickenpox. The vaccine is 50% effective and is recommended for individuals over the age of 60. Even though an individual may still get shingles after vaccination, the vaccination reduces the risk of complications of shingles. The vaccine has not been utilized by many people because shingles is not a life threatening disease and there have not been many new vaccines for adults, so many people are not aware of this vaccination. Also the vaccine is not covered by insurance so many older adults that are on fixed incomes cannot afford it. Public education about shingles and the extremely painful complications associated with it are presumed to increase the use of this groundbreaking new vaccine. In conclusion shingles is a disease that can affect people that have had chickenpox at any age. However it affects mainly the elderly population. Shingles usually presents with pain, numbness, tingling, burning, shooting pain, itching, fever, headache, chills, and, nausea. Shingles is treated with antivirals, analgesics, and antiinflammatories. Usually a person can only have shingles but there have been rare occasions of people having it more than once. From a nursing stand point relieving pain and starting antiviral therapy are the highest priority interventions. Lastly with patient education about vaccines now available to prevent shingles. The incidence of people getting shingles, or having painful complications if they do get shingles is greatly reduced.

Free Trade vs Protectionism Essay -- Economics Business

Free Trade vs Protectionism One of the greatest international economic debates of all time has been the issue of free trade versus protectionism. Proponents of free trade believe in opening the global market, with as few restrictions on trade as possible. Proponents of protectionism believe in concentrating on the welfare of the domestic economy by limiting the open-market policy of the United States. However, what effects does this policy have for the international market and the other respective countries in this market? The question is not as complex as it may seem. Both sides have strong opinions representing their respective viewpoints, and even the population of the United States is divided when it comes to taking a stand in the issue. After examining all factors on the two conflicting sides, it is clear that protectionism, from the side of the United States, is the only way the American industrial economy can expand for the benefit of its citizens and for its national welfare. The economy needs to get itself out of the huge deficit hole that it has created for itself,and lean towards protectionist measures. The dictionary definition of free trade states it as a policy of allowing people of one country to buy and sell from other countries without restrictions. This idea originated with the influential British economist, philosopher, and author of The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith. He inspired the writings of great economists such as David Ricardo, Karl Marx, Thomas Malthus, and others. According to Smith, specialization and trade is the best solution to create a flourishing American economy, with its industries ruling the economic world. William H. Peterson, holder of the Lundy Chair of ... ... age of political correctness. It is true that the global market has already expanded, but it is never too late for the United States to begin shutting its doors to the free market. Bibliography: 1. Altschiller, D. (Ed.)(1998). Free Trade Versus Protectionism. New York: The H.W. Wilson Company. 2. Bender, D.L. & Leone, B. (1991). Trade-Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press Inc. 3. Lenway, Stephanie Ann. (1985). The Politics of U.S. International Trade. Boston: Pitman Publishing Inc. 4. Lieberman, Sima. (1988). The Economic and Political Roots of the New Protectionism. New Jersey: Rowman & Littlefield, Publishers. 5. Spero, Joan Edelman. (Ed. 4) (1990). The Politics of International Economic Relations. New York: St. Martin’s Press, Inc. 6. Woronoff, Jon. (1983). World Trade War. New York: Praeger Publishers